There are several commonly used polishing methods:

1. Mechanical polishing

Mechanical polishing is a polishing method that obtains a smooth surface by removing the protrusions after polishing through cutting and plastic deformation of the material surface. It generally uses oilstone strips, wool wheels, sandpaper, etc., and is mainly operated by hand and angle grinder. Special parts such as the surface of the rotating body can be polished using auxiliary tools such as turntables. For those with high surface quality requirements, ultra precision polishing can be used. Ultra precision polishing is the use of specially designed grinding tools, which press tightly on the surface of the workpiece in a polishing fluid containing abrasives and perform high-speed rotational motion.

2. Chemical polishing

Chemical polishing is the process of allowing the surface of a material to preferentially dissolve the concave parts of the surface that protrude in a chemical medium, thereby obtaining a smooth surface. The main advantage of this method is that it does not require complex equipment and can polish workpieces with complex shapes. It can simultaneously polish many workpieces with high efficiency. The core issue of chemical polishing is the preparation of polishing solution. By selectively dissolving the small protrusions on the surface of the material, the surface becomes smooth.

3. Electrochemical polishing

Compared with chemical polishing, it can eliminate the influence of cathodic reactions and achieve better results. The electrochemical polishing process is divided into two steps: (1) macroscopic leveling, dissolution products diffuse into the electrolyte, and the geometric roughness of the material surface decreases. (2) Low light level anodizing improves surface brightness.

4. Ultrasonic polishing

Put the workpiece into the abrasive suspension and place it together in the ultrasonic field, relying on the oscillation effect of the ultrasonic wave to grind and polish the abrasive on the surface of the workpiece. Ultrasonic machining has low macroscopic force and will not cause deformation of the workpiece, but it is difficult to make and install fixtures. Ultrasonic processing can be combined with chemical or electrochemical methods. On the basis of solution corrosion and electrolysis, ultrasonic vibration is applied to stir the solution, causing the dissolution products on the surface of the workpiece to detach and the corrosion or electrolyte near the surface to be uniform; The cavitation effect of ultrasound in liquids can also suppress the corrosion process and facilitate surface gloss.

5. Fluid polishing

Fluid polishing relies on the high-speed flow of liquid and its carried abrasive particles to flush the surface of the workpiece to achieve the purpose of polishing. Common methods include abrasive jet machining, liquid jet machining, fluid dynamic grinding, etc. Fluid dynamic grinding is driven by hydraulic pressure, which causes the liquid medium carrying abrasive particles to flow back and forth at high speed through the surface of the workpiece. The medium is mainly made of special compounds (polymer like substances) with good flowability under lower pressure and mixed with abrasives, which can use silicon carbide powder.

6. Magnetic grinding and polishing

Magnetic abrasive polishing is the process of using magnetic abrasives to form abrasive brushes under the action of a magnetic field to grind and process workpieces. This method has high processing efficiency, good quality, easy control of processing conditions, and good working conditions. By using appropriate abrasives, the surface roughness can reach Ra0.1 μ M. However, the surface quality of methods such as chemical polishing, ultrasonic polishing, and magnetic grinding polishing cannot meet the requirements, so mechanical polishing is still the main method for precision molds.

Polishing surface processing for stainless steel sheet and plate:

No.3: Represented by 3A and 3B.

3A: The surface is uniformly ground with an abrasive particle size of 80-100.

3B: Rough surface polishing with uniform straight lines on the surface, usually achieved by one-time polishing with a grit size of 180-200 on a 2A or 2B board.

No.4: Unidirectional surface processing, with weak reflectivity, may be the most widely used in construction applications. The process steps are to first polish with coarse abrasive, and finally grind with abrasive with a particle size of 180.

No.6: It is a further improvement on No.4, which involves polishing the surface of No.4 with a Tempico polishing brush in abrasive and oil media. The surface finish is not included in British Standard 1449, but can be found in American standards.

No.7: It is called glossy polishing, which is the polishing of a surface that has been finely ground but still has scratches. Usually, 2A or 2B boards are used, with fiber or cloth polishing wheels and corresponding polishing paste.

No.8: Mirror polished surface, with high reflectivity, is commonly referred to as mirror surface processing because it reflects clear images. Continuously polish stainless steel with fine abrasive, and then use very fine polishing paste for polishing. In architectural applications, it should be noted that if this surface is used in areas with high personnel flow or frequently touched by people, it will leave fingerprints. Of course, fingerprints can be wiped off, but sometimes it affects aesthetics.

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